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tic Surgery Expanded indications for laparoscopic and robotic techniques. Enhanced visualization and precision, especially in pelvic dissection. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Protocols aimed at reducing hospital stays, complications, and

identify sphincter defects or nerve injury. Management Strategies Sphincteroplasty: Surgical repair of sphincter muscles. Artificial Sphincters and Neurostimulation: Advanced options for severe cases. Conservative Measures: Biofeedback therapy and pelvic f