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vior. State-space Representation The dynamic equations can be written as: \[ J \frac{d\omega}{dt} = T - T_L \] \[ \frac{dI_a}{dt} = \frac{V - R_a I_a - K_e \phi \omega}{L_a} \] \[ \frac{d\phi}{dt} = 0 \quad \text{(assuming flux is constant in steady state)} \] where \( L_a \) is the armature induc

eliable and effective voltage regulation solution suitable for a wide range of low-power, low-noise applications. As technology advances, enhancements in reference stability, error amplifier design, and compensation techniques continue to refine th